Minimum Legal Drinking Age free essay sample

The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Underage drinking has been become a huge issue in the ongoing decades, turning into a rising issues for the most part among youthful undergrads. This discussion of either bringing down the drinking age or keeping it as it is has grabbed incredible eye, particularly with scholastic bosses. In 2008, 100 school presidents required a discussion about cutting down the drinking age. In Shari Roan’s exposition, â€Å"Tempest in a Bottle,† concurred that â€Å"[their] experience as school and college presidents persuades us that twenty-one isn't working. A culture of hazardous, secret ‘binge-drinking’often led off-campushas created. † This event of hitting the bottle hard in covert settings is a consequence of undergrads not having the option to lawfully buy their own liquor. These surreptitious territories incorporate spots like organization, local gatherings or even out in road around evening time, all wherein no grown-up management is included. Youthful grown-ups who are interested about drinking are evaded from places where protected and capable drinking is advanced thus, rather, they choose to get away and drink stealthily where they’ll have no â€Å"older grown-ups who may show progressively proper conduct. This will wind up bringing about perilous and reckless utilization of liquor like hitting the bottle hard. The point is to take out reckless drinking, not advance it and it appears by having the drinking age so high is what is causing this perilous drinking conduct among youthful grown-ups. In Europe, where the drinking age is lower there than here in the states, the utilization of liquor is higher there, yet liquor misuse rates are higher here. Activities could and ought to be taken to advance sheltered and mindful drinking conduct among youthful grown-ups, in any case if the drinking age is brought down or not. Despite the fact that we don’t need them all over town drinking, we shouldn’t deny the way that they do thus simply like Elizabeth M. Whelan referenced in her article, â€Å"The Perils of Prohibition,† they ought to be encouraged how to drink capably just precisely like how they are instructed about safe sex. Guardians trust their kids aren’t taking part in sex at such a youthful age, yet at the same time play it safe that they do and show them safe sex. Much the same as guardians plunk down and have â€Å"the talk† with their children, they can draw in their children a similar route about underage drinking and how to do it dependably. This all may sound persuading to some to be increasingly permissive about underage drinking or in any event, bringing down the drinking age, however the insights of liquor related passings and wounds among the underage don’t lie. Returning to Roan’s article, â€Å"approximately 1,700 liquor related deaths†¦occur among undergrads every year in the United States. † The number is enormous and the way that it happens averagely consistently is unsuitable. There are an excessive number of terrible occasions that happen among understudies because of underage drinking like the narrative of â€Å"the 18-year-old [who] drank until he dropped, was dumped onto a lounge chair and was discovered dead the following morning† that was referenced in Roan’s paper. Or on the other hand even the story in Whelan’s article of the inebriated understudy who set himself into a fireplace and was then discovered dead three days after the fact by his society siblings who were endeavoring to light a fire. The absence of implementation of the drinking age could be left to blame for these catastrophes or even â€Å"our inability to show youngsters how to utilize liquor prudently† as Whelan expressed. The final offer is that youthful grown-ups are biting the dust in light of their indiscreet utilization of liquor. It’s the way that they do it, yet it’s likewise the way they’re doing it. Hard-core boozing is a colossal issue with youthful grown-ups, in a review referenced in Roan’s paper, â€Å"over 33% of understudies conceded they had gorged on liquor in any event once in the past about fourteen days. † College understudies come to school with substantially more opportunity then they at any point had previously and at some point or another are acquainted with drinking. Most who start in school, see others have been drinking before school and build up the attitude of drinking for lost chance to find them. Sadly, much of the time prompts hard-core boozing. Hitting the bottle hard is extremely undesirable and risky contrasted with moderate drinking, clearly. Reckless drinking like this can prompt memory harm and even harm to learning capacities. Despite the fact that some may contend that bringing down the drinking age will place greater obligation in youthful adults’ hands compelling them to act increasingly develop and advanced about the thought, there’s proof that bringing down the drinking age could make mattersâ worse. During the 1970’s when the base age for specific exercises were being brought down, for example, casting a ballot, the drinking age was likewise brought down among the greater part the states over the United States. After a large portion of 10 years and, for somewhere in the range of, ten years of testing, whi ch is more than a lot of time, â€Å"16 states expanded their base legitimate drinking age between September 1976 and January 1983† as indicated by Traci L. Toomey’s , Carolyn Rosenfeld’s, and Alexander Wagenaar’s paper, â€Å"The Minimum Legal Drinking Age: Facts and Fallacies. Referenced in Roan’s exposition, â€Å"[since] at that point, traffic fatalities among drivers ages 18 to 20 have fallen by an expected 13%, as indicated by the national Highway Traffic Safety Administration. † Studies detailed from the National Institute on Drug Abuse looked at the years prior to 1984 and the current period being 2001 at that point found that â€Å"college understudies who revealed savoring the most recent month tumbled from 82% in 1980 to 67% in 2000. † Also in Roan’s exposition was the measurement that â€Å"[in] 2007, the University of Michigan’s yearly Monitoring the Future overview found that yearly liquor use by secondary school seniors has dropped from 77% in 1991 to 66% [in 2006]. It’s not simply the decrease of flighty drinking, yet in addition the wellbeing dangers of liquor and the dependence towards it. Like referenced previously, liquor can cause â€Å"damage to memory and learning abilities. † Also, â€Å"teens who started drinking before age 14 had a lifetime danger of liquor reliance of 47% contrasted and 9% for the individuals who started drinking at 21. † â€Å"’Not all the proof is on one side of the question,’ says John M. McCardell Jr. , previous leader of Middlebury College in Vermont and organizer of Choose Responsibility,† cited in Roan’s article. â€Å"We’re not overlooking the science. There is science on the two sides of the inquiry. Indeed, there may be a lessening in rush hour gridlock fatalities among 18 to multi year olds since the 1970s, however that could be clarified in various reasons. â€Å"For model, the decrease in rush hour gridlock fatalities might be credited to other wellbeing measures, for example, the utilization of limitations, better vehicle configuration, improved medical clinic injury care and stricter transit regulations, notwithstanding the lower drinking age, a few examinations suggest,† expressed by McCardell in Roan’s paper. Exclusively simply introducing potential outcomes, concerning the decline number of secondary school understudies who expend liquor, the measure of hitting the bottle hard among undergrads has expanded. From 1993 to 2001, rates show â€Å"binge drinking [has] expanded the most (56%) among underage consumers. † This measurement addresses the one recently referenced before in Roans paper of the undergrads who announced savoring the previous month tumbled from 82% in 1980 to 67% in 2000. Returning the liquor reliance insights in Roans article about how youngsters who begin drinking before 14 have a higher danger of liquor reliance then the individuals who started drinking at 21, this is only a relationship study. Relationship isn't a circumstances and logical results idea, therere numerous different clarifications and components that could be considered to why liquor reliance brings down as the age rises. For instance, a connection of a chose bunch shows that the greater the hand one has, the littler the feet they will have. That is essentially not consistent with everybody, since you have enormous hands doesn’t mean you will wind up with littler feet. Additionally recently referenced, it isnt the reality the underage drinking is going on, it’s the manner in which underage consumers are drinking. â€Å"What would hurt a creating cerebrum is rehashed headaches and power outages and head injury from falling. Be that as it may, in the event that somebody were drinking decently from age 18, I haven’t seen any information to show that would have unsafe impacts in the long run,† says Brenda Chabon, partner educator of clinical psychiatry and conduct sciences at Montefiore Medical Center in New York. In the event that a youthful grown-up at 18 years old â€Å"can drive vehicles, fly planes, wed, vote, make good on charges, take out advances, [smoke], and hazard their lives as individuals from the U. S. equipped forces,† it would bode well to have the option to let them appreciate a lager at a bar top. Like Whelan stated, â€Å"[today’s] teenagers are definitely more complex than we were. They’re rewarded less like kids and have more obligations then we did. This causes the 21 limitation to appear to be chronologically misguided. † Just like driving and casting a ballot, those are obligations youthful grown-ups take and hold. Giving youthful grown-ups the benefit to drink can bring about a comparable result. Returning to our European companions, the pace of liquor related infections are about the equivalent here in the states contrasted with that in Europe. That comes to show how much the legitimate drinking age probably won't make any difference. That being stated, back to McCardell, â€Å"[between] 13 and 18 [years of age], the impact is emotional. Be that as it may, somewhere in the range of 18 and 21 it’s noticeable however inconsequential. What we should take a gander at isn't keeping 18-year-olds from drink

Mediation Critique Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Economic development Essay

Financial turn of events and monetary development are the two pointers of the monetary situation of the nation. Monetary development is the development in total national output and financial advancement is identified with development in the way of life and neediness. As should be obvious financial development and monetary improvement are not something very similar, financial advancement is unmistakably something other than development in GDP as it includes pointers that are not absolutely monetarily related. Anyway monetary development is a pointer of financial turn of events yet there are likewise a few different components that speak to monetary turn of events. These markers are; future during childbirth, baby death rate, every day calorie flexibly per capita, grown-up education rate, number of specialists per 1000 individuals, normal long stretches of tutoring, accessibility of clean water, opportunity of press, vaccination rates and levels of segregation. As should be obvious these are commonly not financial markers but rather when they are joined they structure the monetary advancement figure. There are fifteen obstructions to financial turn of events, the first of these being an absence of physical capital. Need physical capital is a noteworthy hindrance to the improvement of a nation for a few reasons. There is as of now a deficiency of capital that further prompts less capital being delivered; this makes huge issues for creating nations. In these nations the pay levels are low prompting low reserve funds and thusly minimal expenditure for interest in capital. This absence of capital facilitates the low efficiency along these lines the work stays low. This additionally prompts an absence of interest for merchandise and ventures the low interest implies that less should be created along these lines less capital should be delivered. This at that point powers the nation into a pattern of underdevelopment. This subsequently makes a hindrance for the nation to create. A case of this is in many less evolved nations where they are in consistent occasions of war and common agitation. Their capital is pulverized through war making it hard for the nation to create increasingly capital. Additionally, Sierra Leone, the universes least created nation, as appeared by the human advancement record, has a GDP for each capita of US$159 this makes noteworthy issues for the economy and its turn of events. An absence of human capital is the following hindrance to improvement. This boundary is made through an absence of instruction and preparing of the populace. It additionally identifies with the general heath and prosperity of the populace. In the event that the work power are becoming ill, at that point they can't work and in this way diminishing the work capital. A present case of this circumstance is in South Africa. In South Africa the small scale financial effect of AIDS is intense and is deteriorating. Among gifted laborers HIV commonness is relied upon to top between a fifth and a quarter percent constantly 2000, which is therefore draining the quantity of talented specialists making the absence of capital improvement hindrance. These issues are additionally prompting an ascent in protection bills and the expenses of medical advantages rise. This accordingly occupies government reserve funds to pay for human services and subsequently the accessibility of assets for speculation will fall. Helps is anticipated to thump 0.3 to 0.4 percent off the yearly development rate. As should be obvious this is a serious hindrance to advancement in these less evolved nations. A system to this obstruction is human asset improvement. The following obstruction to improvement is an absence of investment funds. This likewise causes low degrees of venture because of the low salary prompting low reserve funds. This low degree of reserve funds is likewise brought about by a few different reasons, for example, inadequately created monetary markets, holding of investment funds in customary non-cash frames, the acquisition of pointless extravagance things, modest family work decreasing the motivating force to put something aside for speculation and the general obligation of the populace. The low motivation to reinvest benefits by organizations likewise lessens the investment funds. Spending shortages by the administration to compensate for the low tax assessment income are likewise diminishing the sum being spared. When there is an absence of investment funds brought about by any of these causes it powers the need to get structure abroad that thus prompts issues with the equalization of installments. A case of absence of investment funds exists in Nigeria. In Nigeria there are extreme issues with their cash. These start with huge extortion issues likewise most of exchanging is finished with money in which up to this point the cash didn't surpass what might be compared to 50 pennies. The following issue is that they don’t have confidence in banks, the main utilization of banks is to trade outside monetary standards for travelers, which prompts an absence of assets for ventures. Additionally, Local merchants keep all working capital stuffed in coca containers, as they accept business openings will vanish in the time it takes to make a withdrawal. Banks don't permit credit because of the dread of not being reimbursed. These variables add to a huge hindrance to advancement basically because of an absence of reserve funds. This could be explained through improving the budgetary framework. Another hindrance to improvement is an absence of tax assessment income. An absence of tax collection makes boundaries as it implies the legislature has little funds to use on financial turn of events. The high joblessness, extremely low-pay levels and troubles in charge assortment cause this absence of duty income. The administration is then compelled to gather charge for the most part from customs obligations, deals duties and extracts. These duties can end up being extremely inflationary and are likewise backward. Another issue with these expenses is that they demoralize venture and the making of business. Nigeria additionally has an issue with the assortment of tax assessment. Most Nigerians that can stand to abstain from making good on charges, as they accept that their cash will be winced by the degenerate government. This makes extreme issues for the nation, as there is no cash for the administration to use in speculation to advance financial turn of events. Improving the mone y related framework will likewise help explain this obstruction. The following hindrance to section is an absence of framework. Less created nations infrequently have an adequate flexibly of necessities, for example, streets, ports, sewerage, power schools or water-offices and so forth. The primary explanation that this foundation isn't being made is that the administration just can't raise the assets to back them because of their absence of tax collection income. Another explanation perhaps that the administration has decided to fund barrier spending or on the off chance that they are in time of war, in which most LCD’s are. An absence of foundation limits the free progression of merchandise and ventures and diminishes the profitability of the work power that further confines the financial advancement of the nation. In Africa foundation is extremely immature contrasted with the different less created areas. They have 6 telephone lines for each 1000 individuals contrasted with the normal of 54 for other creating districts. Additionally thei r capacity gracefully is far not exactly the normal of 300kw per 1000 people groups with 80kw this altogether stops their turn of events. In Nigeria there are not kidding issues with foundation causing business vulnerability. Phones infrequently work and the electric comes in intermittent wrathful floods. Nigerian firms, especially the state-claimed ones because of the absence of tax assessment, commit little exertion into keeping up their framework and it thusly winds up separating. Solid firms are so difficult to find that organizations deal contacts: we’ll let you share the power from our generator on the off chance that you can assist us with discovering save parts for it. Firms needing to set up in Nigeria face the issue referred to locally as BYOI (bring your own foundation) this shows the amount of a difficult framework is in Nigeria. An absence of foundation could be understood from numerous points of view, for example, empowering undertaking, human asset improvement or improving the money related framework. An absence of business visionaries is another boundary to monetary turn of events. Endeavor is fundamental with the goal for improvement to happen, as it is one of the key components to creation. In the less evolved nations there tens to be an absence of business people for a few reasons. The first of these is the way that there is a restricted chance to make a benefit, because of the absence of interest. The following explanation is that the organizations not effortlessly financed because of the low degree of reserve funds. The absence of foundation accessible additionally occupies these business visionaries. Another motivation to the absence of business visionaries is that social convictions regularly place little significance on financial increase and business people are hence given little status. The quantity of business visionaries is additionally decreased by the absence of training in these nations. The last explanation is that it is hazardous for a business visionary because of the political and monetary shakiness. A case of an absence of business visionaries is likewise in Nigeria as it intently identifies with the absence of the framework. The absence of framework includes at any rate 25 percent onto an organizations working expenses in the event that it choses to set up in Nigeria, this is a huge hindrance for firms to set up and ought to be explained if the district needs to accomplish financial turn of events. A procedure that could be embraced to help this circumstance is empowering undertaking. The following hindrance to financial improvement is an absence of innovation. There are a few reasons why these less evolved nations are not all the more mechanically progressed. The main explanation being that most new innovation will include some interest in capital that is deficient in these less evolved nations. Additionally another issue is that the new innovation will require gifted work to work it however talented work is likewise of lack in a LCD. The following explanation is that organizations don’t truly need to receive work sparing innovation when they as of now have modest work and there are high joblessness rates. The last explanation that there is an absence of innovation is that new innovation is utilized to encourage the accomplishment of economies of scale and

On Ethics and Economics Book Review Free Essays

On Ethics and Economics Amartya Sen Blackwell Publishers, 1987, pp. 148, Rs. 271 ‘On Ethics and Economics’ by Amartya Sen focuses on a specific marvel that the creator thinks about appalling to the control. We will compose a custom exposition test on On Ethics and Economics Book Review or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now In this book, Amartya Sen discusses the proceeded and consistently expanding separating of financial matters from morals. This book has three sections and under every part, there are sub themes. That makes the book progressively organized and straightforward in any event, for an individual who isn't so equipped in the investigation of Economics. Despite the fact that the book was written in 1987, a large portion of the contentions despite everything apply in todays’ world. Amartya Sen begins with an Edward Clerihaw Bentley section about a significant professional of political financial matters and this establishes the pace for the remainder of the book. The creator essentially attempts to contend that morals related convention of Economics goes back to the times of Aristotle and that Economics eventually goes connected at the hip with the investigation of Ethics and Politics. Amartya Sen positively and in an exceptionally evident way, questions the disassociation of the investigation of Economics from that of morals and political way of thinking. Consequently, this book is without a doubt a significant perusing for the individuals who are keen on coming to an obvious conclusion regarding financial aspects and business morals. Educator Sen, while concurring that the ‘engineering’ way to deal with Economics has been regularly productive, censures the equivalent ‘engineering approach’ by saying that it has generously devastated the advanced financial matters since it has made a separation among financial aspects and morals. He likewise proceeds to clarify that the ‘Positive Economics’ has prompted overlooking complex moral thought which impact human conduct. Teacher Sen accepts that the developing separations among Ethics and Economics has influenced the previous more. The creator is amazingly convincing when he recommends augmenting the job of government assistance financial aspects in understanding the reason for approach choices including social accomplishments. Teacher Sen genuinely accepts that Economic progression is going on at full steam with no balance from the control of ‘ethics’ and that the job of morals has been disregarded by all the approach creators and present day business analysts. Consequently, it isn't astonishing that ‘Business Ethics’ is viewed as an ironic expression in the business world. The creator attempts to relate between financial conduct and levelheadedness. He concurs with the supposition that ‘Humans think reasonably. ’ Though the creator says that the reasonable conduct probably won't be the genuine conduct constantly, he likewise says that this specific supposition that is better than accepting the people think nonsensically, which will prompt a greater number of mix-ups than the presumption presently being used. The measure of room and significance given to the presumption by the writer makes the peruser consider how soundly an individual or the arrangement creators think today. It assumes a gigantic job in the investigation of financial matters. Teacher Sen at that point proceeds to discuss oneself - intrigue and discerning conduct. In the subsequent section, Economic Judgment and Moral Philosophy, to carry greater mental stability into the conversation, Professor Sen has acquired the territories that have been disregarded by researchers when managing the issues of social accomplishment. They comprise of qualities, rights and opportunity, government assistance, personal responsibility and each one of those that can't be diminished to a solitary group called utility. As indicated by welfare’s thought of objectivity, it isn't nonsensical for an individual to put his personal circumstance ahead and to pick the state which augments his government assistance paying little heed to the objectives of others in the general public. Teacher Sen presents something many refer to as ‘Agency Role’ when he discusses the double idea of an individual. I totally concur with Professor Sen when he says that an individual thinks like an organization when he perceives and recognizes objectives of others in the general public and that an individual thinks as far as a prosperity, which also requires his/her own consideration. This can be applied to the Game Theory and the case of Prisoners Dilemma. The contentions set forth by Sen by elevating morals to financial matters are helpful to current monetary situations looked by the worldwide network. For example, the issue of contamination can't be comprehended by giving impetuses, however by building up a mentality that is generally away from self-centredness. In the event that one is new to the issue of morals other than utilitarian standard of examination, at that point perusing and grasping this book could be a battle or may think that its hard to peruse this book. Maybe the terms ‘wants’ and ‘needs’ should be separated with the goal that the selection of people will be directed by ‘needs’ instead of ‘wants’. On the off chance that this point of view can be utilized to direct on the convenience of utilitarianism or welfarism, and is joined inside the lattice of the order, at that point there is trust that morals and financial matters can add to a reasonable way to deal with taking care of issues of human presence, which is a lot of the need of great importance at this moment. - Book survey by K Ravi Teja Reddy Step by step instructions to refer to On Ethics and Economics Book Review, Essay models

Advanced Financial Accounting (The FASB and IASB) Essay

Progressed Financial Accounting (The FASB and IASB) - Essay Example Review of CSR revealing Corporate social duty has been a necessary piece of corporate capacities since days of yore. It is hard to follow the foundations of the marvel or how everything began except one reality is evident that corporate social duty has come to remain with the corporate world. Maybe the evident actuality is that the advantages of undertaking corporate social obligation cuts over a few fourth of business working including to the common client or resident who lives in the area of a given organization. An unmistakable case can be given as a global organization that makes ordinary finish of year gift to given Children’s Hospital in all nations where they have their branches. In such a circumstance, the common resident in the said nation will profit by the gifts that are done to emergency clinic yet the advantage won't end there as the exposure that the organization will get from the media by method of broadcasting their gifts just as the positive attitude that reci pients will create will prompt the inevitable development of the organization as far as the company’s client base. ... Distinguishing the gatherings associated with corporate social obligation as partners, Haddija (2006) express that the main way that partners can be guaranteed that organizations are keen on corporate social duty not as a result of a lot of the advantage is to execute and viable corporate social obligation detailing framework. The job of partners in CSR Reporting There are three significant partners who can be distinguished most definitely. These partners are staff and chiefs of organizations, investors of organizations and recipients of corporate social obligation. Every one of these partners have significant tasks to carry out most definitely that can't be undermined in at any rate (Prempeh, 2008). The executives and Staff in any case, the staff and chiefs of different associations who attempt corporate social obligations are cherished to keep thorough information at three phases of any corporate social duty venture. These three phases are pre-usage, execution and post-usage stages . Before any corporate social obligation venture is attempted, the administration of the foundation is relied upon to set a financial plan and arranging group whose duty will be to gauge how much the organization wishes to spend on the whole task. The arranging and financial plan are coordinated so that the whole arrangement of what is relied upon to be accomplished over the span of the corporate social duty extend yet have an even designation of subsidizing. The job of the arranging and spending group and by expansion the job of the staff and

Teaching Writing When to Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize

Teaching Writing When to Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize (2) Students often struggle to integrate sources into their writing. After the difficult process of finding evidence to support their thesis, they face the new challenge of deciding whether to quote, paraphrase, or summarize sources. Before asking students to paraphrase, it’s important to explain what that means. In the simplest terms, paraphrasing is rewording AND rearranging. A common pitfall is rewording without rearranging. This is a classic case of plagiarism: the student replaces a few words with synonyms and calls the writing their own, even though they still have the same ideas in the same order. Students need practice replacing and rearranging before they can be expected to properly paraphrase. Another common misconception is that paraphrased information does not need an MLA  in-text citation. This relates back to the false idea that slight changes make an idea your own and therefore do not require proper credit to the original source. Summarizing is the process of taking a longer work, like a novel or a news article, and condensing it to its main points. It requires the skills of finding the most important parts of a work and then weaving them together to create a concise picture of the whole. Once all of this has been clarified, students are ready to determine whether a source needs to be quoted, paraphrased, or summarized. Below are a few guidelines for students on quoting vs. paraphrasing vs. summarizing. You should quote when… The passage has three or more “keywords” per sentence Keywords include names, dates, places, technical terminology and other words that cannot be replaced with synonyms. (The number three is there to provide a  specific guideline; it’s certainly possible that there will be exceptions to this “rule.”) Specific evidence is required Directly quoting from a book or poem is often a rubric requirement. Even when it’s not, it often helps prove a writer’s point. Try explaining it to your students like this: If you’re trying to show how a character is characterized, for example, strong evidence could be the character’s own words or thoughts. Instead of describing how the character thinks or speaks, using a quote will show it. This allows your audience to think for themselves and assess your point instead of taking your word for it. You should paraphrase when… The passage is longer than three lines of text Again, three lines is a preference, not a hard-and-fast rule, but it’s a good starting point. Students like to bend rules so it’s  better to start small and let them ask to go over a few words into the fourth line. I remind my students that I want to read their words in their papers. If I wanted to read the source they used, I would click the link in their MLA works cited page and read it for myself. You already have two quotations in a paragraph Too many direct quotations make a paragraph choppy and hard to follow. Students need to introduce and explain all their quotations, so paragraphs can get very long if they contain too many quotations. Paraphrasing wraps the evidence up with its introduction, leaving more room for analysis. You should summarize when You’re introducing a quote Summarizing what is happening in the scene before quoting a piece of evidence is essential in order to contextualize the quote. This may seem obvious, but many students don’t consider that their audience may not have read the book they’re discussing. This is especially true for my classes that read independent, free-choice novels. I usually haven’t read the books they choose, so I won’t understand their point if they don’t give me a little background. This can also be effective if a point covers multiple scenes in a novel. Rather than quoting each individual instance, the student can summarize the plot at a few crucial points to pull together a cohesive point. You’re integrating many sources in a longer paper or presentation In a longer paper, like a senior thesis, it adds credibility (and length) to explain where the information came from. I encourage students to look up the author and explain his or her credentials for the same reason. You can also have students create an MLA  annotated bibliography to practice this skill. As I mentioned, these are not ironclad rules. Writing is an art and sometimes it’s necessary to break the rules for a particular effect. However, these guidelines will  provide a starting point for developing writers while helping students understand why it’s important to choose their method of integrating sources with purpose.

The Philosophy Of Nursing, Medicine Assignment Paper - 1925 Words

The Philosophy Of Nursing, Medicine Assignment Paper (Essay Sample) Content: Philosophy of NursingNameInstitutionPhilosophy of NursingIntroductionPhilosophy is a hypothetical notion that comprises of a set of ideas, which plainly defines a link of ideas to confine incidences in life. Four concepts of meta-paradigm, in its organization, are based on categorizing nursing knowledge and beliefs about the scope and nursing context that includes a person, environment, health, and nursing science (Alligood, 2013). Developing a personal philosophy of nursing is an important facet to be used in this approach. The hypothesis in this article helps in developing a professional nurse who can promote the quality of life, determines values, future directions, beliefs, and excellent patient care. Nursing is guided by the opinion of serving others. To accomplish service to all, nurses have a responsibility of acquiring theoretical and scientific knowledge to integrate into daily practice. Learning and reading about several theorists stands to explain why philo sophers outlooks carry significance in the development of nursing.Aspects of the philosophy with philosophical influences on the nursing professionSeveral aspects of the theory influence the nursing profession. The overall view on patients is that patients and other individuals should be precedent in building relationships by conversation. This perspective illustrates the commitment encounters characterized by common awareness. In my view, patients are individuals that are in need of care whereas scholars are partners in the of process learning. The nursing philosophy argues that patients are complex and multifaceted people in the life expedition that they try to do their best. A nursing profession should look for appointment in encountering what is meaningful and look to instigate genuine relationships with patients (Butts et al., 2013).In the nursing profession, illness and wellness ensnare the philosophy because it spreads over an indulgent of the natural differential power, whic h exists between patient- nurse relationships. The key cause of the use of the term patient to clients when nurses attend to persons that come to medical attention is to show the care (Kozier et al., 2013).The universal view on health is to endeavor to acquire an understanding of the patients and communities where nurses work in situations of health determinants. Nursing should be viewed as a moral practice, as its primary goal is to restore the health of other people, but not for personal gain or profit (Alligood, 2013).This philosophy gives a brilliant consideration of the concept of the environment, which is comprised of both internal and external components. Nurses should know that environmental generalization widens to cut across built and natural environments, and they both do a substantial position in health and population awareness, including the political and social environments. They must try to change the level of population and endorse awareness by participation in promo tion groups and local community groups like advocacy groups related to activity and neighborhood organizations.The philosophys reflection on personal experiences, beliefs, values, and own distinctive perspectiveIn the personal experience perspective, the nurse should concur with other philosophers that nursing is the study of illness processes and human health. Nursing practice is the act of supporting, assisting, communities and families to recuperate, facilitating individuals, enhance, and maintain health and illness effects. The science and relational art of nursing are related directly to the penalties of life-related to health quality within the scenarios of immediate and larger environments. They must stress the concept of nursing as a practice, which claims that nursing is equally executed occupation whose general motive is to enact helpful stuff. The art- science claim about the nursing nature is restrictive while the definition of nursing as a practice is how most people fi nd it as a notion that unifies. According to Hegge (2013), the scientific expression practice symbolizes the urge for competence, knowledge, and skill proficiency. Appropriate care is the definitive objective of the nursing practice. In spite of the fact that good care is widespread, it comprises of relationships, actions, and attitudes that promote wellbeing and dignity in all the aspects of the human extents (Cole-King Gilbert, 2011).Demonstration of the philosophy in practiceIn demonstrating the philosophy in practice, the nursing focuses on performing all obliges to patients. Nurses ought to be hopeful that they would start a caring and trust understanding with patients, and perform all crucial roles to gather the patient-centered needs in the care of patients. Because nurses are human, they understand that they are not flawless, and should always be considerate. Nurses always keep in mind that even though they always try to create the best in different conditions as it gives views often, they should keep patients in mind. For people to enjoy the centered care, they must examine the situation and try to discover from them when things go the conflicting of the anticipation. Patients receive the finest care as the philosophy recommences work with a claim that they make each day better than the previous days. Also, the philosophy advocates for better nurses tomorrow than today.The philosophy dictates that a nurse should set up some models that define some theories and the link that exists between them to create a channel of study through which they apprehend and practice nursing. The entire nursing philosophy is based on five concepts that include environment, nursing knowledge, patient-self, and compassion and focuses on patient care and patient-centered needs.Relationship between knowledge development and philosophyPhilosophy goes hand in hand with knowledge development. A philosophy guides people as they create an area of acquaintance, and it can provid e a set of standards that are regulative as individuals extend and conduct the field of knowledge (Butts et al., 2013). Philosophy serves both scholarly roles for the sciences in the precedent one and a half century. Philosophical notions about the way nature and information of the social science world influenced or guided the initial efforts. There has been a crucial argument about philosophy and development of knowledge. Several assumptions have been framed about the development of knowledge that would preside over the development of several areas of the knowledge and philosophy. Philosophers have expressed a vision of knowledge development based on the idea of significant exploit that may have a great effect on European knowledge development. Philosophy at its best can act as an equivalent association to practitioners and creators of the knowledge, thus, helps in to arriving at more insightful and durable methods and theories. Philosophical doctrines at their worst can deceive so cial researchers to more innovative and fertile avenues of explanation and theory.Evidence of the Nursing Philosophy or PracticeIt is evident that the nursing philosophy and practice are applicable. The nursing philosophy can be put in practice, as it is achievable, practical, and real. The Caring Nursing Theory is the one that originally brought nurses and other specialists close to the nursing profession. The theory is broadly accepted for use with groups, individuals, and communities because it provides a flexible, systems-based comprehensive and holistic perspective for nursing. The caring theory is attractive to all nurses as it merges with the model of population health easily. The philosophy is practical as the approach depends on the Watsons Caring theories and helps individuals and communities boost the control over their health.Positivism and Post-positivism, Nursing Science, Practice and Personal PhilosophyMany of our stereotypes about nursing come from an era where scien ce was dominated especially by philosophy, positivism that tended to sustain some of these perspectives. It can be suggested that science has progressed in its ideology into an era of post-positivism whereby several scientific stereotypes no longer hold up.Considering positivism, it is a rejection of metaphysics. It is a point tha...

Tips to Improve Your French Pronunciation

Speaking French is more than just knowing the vocabulary and grammar rules. You also need to pronounce the letters correctly. Unless you started learning French as a child, youre unlikely to ever sound like a native speaker, but its certainly not impossible for adults to speak with a decent French accent. Here are some ideas to help you improve your French pronunciation. Learn French Sounds Basic French PronunciationThe first thing you need to do is understand how each letter is usually pronounced in French.Letters in DetailAs in English, some letters have two or more sounds, and letter combinations often make completely new sounds.French AccentsAccents dont show up on certain letters just for decoration - they often give clues about how to pronounce those letters.International Phonetic AlphabetFamiliarize yourself with the pronunciation symbols used in French dictionaries. Get a Decent Dictionary When you see a new word, you can look it up to find out how its pronounced. But if youre using a little pocket dictionary, youll find that many words arent there. When it comes to French dictionaries, bigger really is better. Some French dictionary software even includes sound files. Pronunciation Preparation and Practice Once youve learned how to pronounce everything, you need to practice it. The more you speak, the easier it will be to make all of those sounds. Here are some techniques that can help you in your French accent improvement project. Listen to FrenchThe more you listen to French, the better youll get at hearing and distinguishing between unfamiliar sounds, and the easier it will be for you to produce them yourself.Listen and RepeatSure, this isnt something youd do in real life, but mimicking words or phrases over and over is an excellent way to develop your pronunciation skills. My French audio dictionary has 2,500 sound files of words and short phrases.Listen to YourselfRecord yourself speaking French and then listen carefully to the playback - you might discover pronunciation mistakes that youre not aware of when you speak. Read Out LoudIf youre still stumbling over words with tricky letter combinations or lots of syllables, you definitely need more practice. Try reading out loud to get used to making all of those new sounds. Pronunciation Problems Depending on your native language, certain French sounds and pronunciation concepts are more difficult than others. Take a look at my page on pronunciation difficulties for lessons (with sound files) on some typical trouble spots for English speakers (and possibly others as well). Speak Like the Natives When you learn French, you learn the correct way to say everything, not necessarily the way the French actually say it. Check out my lessons on informal French to learn how to sound more like native speakers: Informal negationInformal pronounsInformal questions Pronunciation Tools Unlike grammar and vocabulary, pronunciation is something that you cant learn by reading (although there are some excellent French pronunciation books). But you really do need to interact with native speakers. Ideally, you would do this face to face, such as by going to France or another French-speaking country, taking a class, working with a tutor, or joining the Alliance franà §aise.If those truly are not an option, at the very least you need to listen to French, such as with these tools: French listening onlineFrench audio booksFrench audio magazinesFrench audio tapes and CDsFrench radioFrench softwareFrench TV The Bottom Line Getting a good French accent is all about practice - both passive (listening) and active (speaking). Practice really does make perfect. Improve Your French Improve your French listening comprehensionImprove your French pronunciationImprove your French reading comprehensionImprove your French verb conjugationsImprove your French vocabulary

Analysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare - 1505 Words

Quanisha Taylor Dr. Traylor English 1102 16 November 2015 Sadistic Motives In William Shakespeare’s play Othello Iago has the ability to charm and convince people of his loyalty and honesty. Iago immediately introduced his malicious desire for revenge, but he had no proven reason for his actions. Throughout the play Iago devises a devious plan to convince the other characters of his cunning contrivance. Iago treats others as the fool with no intentions of caring about their feelings. Behind his deceitful trustworthy appearance, Iago is a multilayered manipulative villain. He manipulates the people around him by using their weaknesses against them. Roderigo, Cassio, Othello, and Emilia all have fallen for Iago’s tricks of manipulation and even mind control. In the beginning of the play, Iago explains how he wants to destroy Othello because he gave the position of lieutenant to Cassio. Therefore, Iago comes up with many discreet plans against Othello throughout the course of the play. He manipulates Othello using his own insecurities against him. Consequently, Othello becomes extremely gullible to Iago tricks, resulting in him being to be influenced to believe anything. So therefore, Iago pique’s on Othello’s insecurities invoking his jealousy. As stated in an article Omer states, â€Å"Iago uses his greatest persuasive skills ever penned to manipulate Othello† (Omer). Throughout the play, Othello known as â€Å"The Moor† because of his skin color caused many people to haveShow MoreRelatedOthello Analysis : Othello By William Shakespeare1115 Words   |  5 PagesRiley Thompson Professor Grill LIT 200 2 November 2014 Othello Analysis Assignment Othello, a play that was written in 1604 by William Shakespeare, is an example of a type of story called a â€Å"tragedy.† Throughout the course of the work, Othello proves himself to be very easily misled, despite his heroic status. This causes him to lose his ability to make good judgments and decisions. Even though Othello had a reputation as a hero, he ends up being one of the most gullible characters in the play whenRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay2413 Words   |  10 Pagesprocess, such as a process known as Classical Conditioning. Mind manipulation has been presented by villains throughout movies, novels, and even plays. The play Othello, written around 1603 by William Shakespeare, with the villain character Iago, is characterized as a jealous, hubris, sinister, crafty, and manipulative being. William Shakespeare has managed to write a tragic play where he used Iago’s malicious words to provide early Classical Conditioning, to cloud Ot hello’s mind of critical thoughtsRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1579 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscriminated against due to your race? In Othello by William Shakespeare the theme of race is evident through out the play and is a very critical aspect towards the plot. Since Othello has a strong sense of self he is able to counter-balance the overt racism he is faced with in the beginning because he is respected and has high stature as a war general. Him and his wife lived happily without worrying what others thought of their bi-racial marriage. But, when Othello hears rumors of his wife’s possibleRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1436 Words   |  6 PagesRasheed Patrick Ms. Milliner EES21QH-01 01/17/17 Final Paper In Othello every character has their own personalities that makes them the person they are. In Othello there are characters that show true grit, a fixed mindset, and a growth mindset. Each characters are different which makes the book even more interesting. True grit means to endure and push through to do something better no matter what it takes. An example of grit is studying for a long period of time for a test and enduring the amountRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1240 Words   |  5 PagesRationale In Part Four of the course, Critical Study, we studied Shakespeare’s tragedy, Othello. This is a play that comprises of enduring themes of love, betrayal, jealousy, appearance versus reality, racism, and revenge. I chose to write a diary for this play because we are only presented with the facade of these characters. Throughout the play, the audience is left to wonder what goes on behind the scenes. And the only way to achieve this is to put ourselves in their shoes in order to experienceRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare865 Words   |  4 PagesHandkerchief William Shakespeare is a famous writer had written lot of poetry, stories, dramas etc. In his drama, he usually has a sad ending. He introduces a clue that diverts a character’s mind and thought. One of his plays named â€Å"Othello† he introduces a handkerchief as a clue that had diverted different characters’ thoughts. That handkerchief changed from a love token into a source of suspicion in Othello’s mind. In this story, main character named Othello, who gave that handkerchief to his wifeRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1575 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscriminated against due to your race? In Othello by William Shakespeare the theme of race is evident through out the play and is a very critical aspect towards the plot. Since Othello has a strong sense of self he is able to counter-balance the overt racism he is faced with in the beginning because he is respected and has high stature as a war general. Him and his wife lived happily withou t worrying what others thought of their bi-racial marriage. But, when Othello hears rumors of his wife’s possibleRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1090 Words   |  5 Pagesyears, women have been seen as inferior and weaker than men, while men are seen as superior and stronger than women. However, the word strong doesn t measure their physical strength, but by their strength to ignore societies standards. Othello by William Shakespeare takes place during the late 16th century a time in which women didn’t have a voice and were expected to be obedient and chaste. Although this was the case for many women, Emilia is a strong character because she stood up for what she believedRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1378 Words   |  6 PagesEES21GH-02 01/20/17 Final paper Throughout the play Othello by William Shakespeare, we sit in on the life of an African American military commander, or Moor, who was deceived by a jealous under officer named Iago. Iago’s only motive for deceiving the Moor was animosity because Othello did not promote him to Lieutenant. With the help of a passive man named Roderigo, Iago was able to convince Othello that his wife had cheated on him with the man Othello did promote to Lieutenant, named Cassio. After convincingRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesThe theme of power is explored in various ways throughout ‘Othello’, Shakespeare uses the vulnerability of characters’ flaws to allow power shifts to occur through manipulation. The Elizabethan value consensus highlights the difference in gender roles, with societal expectations being defined by the divine order. The limitations of social mobility provide a strong platform for the theme of power to b e embedded upon, with characters such as Desdemona and Emilia representing the struggle that women

Plato s Theory Of Forms Essay - 1427 Words

Plato was a standout amongst the most innovative and persuasive masterminds in Western philosophy, his impact all through the historical backdrop of philosophy has been monumental. Born around 428 B.C, he researched an extensive variety of topics; however, his Theory of Forms, found in The Republic, is an essential piece of Plato s philosophy. This is the center thought behind Plato s theory of forms, from this thought he moves towards clarifying his universe of forms or ideas. While trying to give the definition to elusive universals, Plato constructs a Theory of Forms to demonstrate that the sensible universe of particulars are simple impersonations of this present reality where forms live, autonomous of thought and existing in their own metaphysical realm that can be retrieved through the mind using reason. To further explain Plato’s theory of the forms, it can essentially be portrayed as otherworldly presences which are found in an alternate world from the physical world; the realm of forms. There is only one form of everything and it exists in this world of forms, everything else is just a copy -- thoughts are impeccable, the copies are flawed. The structures themselves, as indicated by Plato, are everlasting and endless. For instance, the concept of beauty remains constant and unchanging. In its place, the be auty we see in the physical world may be superficial and be seen in colors, animals or even human beings in varying degrees of beauty; however, theseShow MoreRelatedPlato s Theory Of Forms1629 Words   |  7 Pagesfew philosophical theories are as essential as the theory of Forms. This is besides the fact that it is generally overlooked in many of Plato’s writings even though it lays the foundations to many other theories of his. The Republic is where the theory is first mentioned, followed by discussion in Phaedo and criticized in Parmenides and Timaeus thereafter. (These works will be further discussed later throughout the essay.) Plato’s theory of Forms, (sometimes referred to as the theory of Ideas) statesRead MorePlato s Theory Of The Forms1704 Words   |  7 Pages Plato’s Theory of the Forms Travis Meyer PHI 1090 Introduction to Philosophy 12/16/2015 Plato was a Greek philosopher, mathematician, and theologian who lived from 424 BC to 348 BC in Athens, Greece. Plato was born into a high class family in Greece and therefore was very active in the Athenian community since he was from a high status family. He was the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is known to be one of the bestRead MorePlato s Theory Of Forms1556 Words   |  7 PagesPlato’s theory of Forms as presented in the Phaedo. Plato has an idea that all ideas are merely abstract thoughts, and what we perceive with our senses is actually an imperfect version of these abstract thoughts. This is the basic idea of Plato’s theory of the Forms. To best illustrate the theory of the Forms to others, Plato explains his famous Allegory of the Cave. From the groundwork of the Forms, Plato goes on in Phaedo to argue the immortality of the soul. He intertwines the theory of the FormsRead MorePlato s Theory Of Form1111 Words   |  5 PagesPlato coined the term â€Å"Socratic questioning† to encourage the open discussion of philosophical theory for the purpose of improving said theory. Aristotle took advantage of the practice of Socratic questioning to inquire about Plato’s theory of Form and its explanation of causality in comparison to Aristotle’s own theories of causality and being. Aristotle criticizes Plato’s theory of Form because it only accounted for a one-dimensional explana tion of what things are made up of and what identifiesRead MoreQuestions On Plato s Theory Of The Forms1875 Words   |  8 Pagesevaluate Plato s response to the problem of the One and the Many. To do this, I will outline briefly the emergence of this problem in Greek thought in order to further understand and contextualise Plato s theory of the Forms. I shall then offer criticisms of his theory, both positive and negative, with particular regard for the ontological, epistemological, and cosmological consequences of subscribing to the Forms. I shall then conclude whether or not the metaphysical system constructed by Plato is aRead MoreThe Form Of Truth : Plato s Theory Of Knowledge893 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Jones-Cathcart Philosophy 101 16 February 2016 The Form of Truth The physical world only has one constant - change. The human senses give an idea of the present reality. However, seeing is not believing. The perception we develop through the senses (seeing, smelling, tasting, touching, and hearing) does not consist of real truth. Real truth is not what is in front of us, but of absolute concepts and unchanging truths. Plato encouraged looking past what is directly visible in order toRead MoreThe Theory Of The Forms Figures Into Plato s / Socrates Reflections1471 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Forms are necessary or essential properties of a particular or thing. According to Socrates, these forms have properties which give them a certain causal power. Using the concept of Forms, he systematically constructs an argument in an attempt to prove that the soul exists and must always exist. Although, his complete conception of Forms is not captured in the Phaedo, We can still use this dialectic to address his arguments. In this paper, I will attempt to describe the Forms. To do thisRead MoreSocrates s Quest Of Truth1337 Words   |  6 PagesBorn in Athens in 437 B.C, Greek philosopher Plato is one of the most powerful thinkers in history. Coming from Greek aristocracy, Plato had political ambitions as a young man and appeared to follow the family tradition. However, Socrates and his dialectical method of inquiry, which was to question and answer everything to show ignorance, soon captivated Plato. Socrates spent most of his time in the streets and marketplace of Athens, approaching people like the sophist and other powerful leadersRead MoreA Life Sketch of Plato and His Works905 Words   |  4 PagesGreek philosophers, Plato must remain the best known of all the Greeks. The original name of this Athenian aristocrat was Aristiclis, but in his school days he received the nickname Platon (meaning broad) because of his broad shoulders. Plato was born in Athens, Greece to one of the oldest and most distinguished families in the city. He lived with his mother, Perictione, and his father, Ariston (Until Ariston died.) Born in an aristocratic and rich family, Plato s childhood was indulgedRead MoreExplain the Criticisms of Platos Theory of the Forms.1584 Words   |  7 PagesPlatos theory of forms, also called his theory of ideas, states that there is another world, separate from the material world that we live in called the eternal world of forms. This world, to Plato, is more real than the one we live in. His theory is shown in his Allegory of the Cave (from The Republic, Book VII), where the prisoners only live in what they think is a real world, but really it is a shadow of reality. According to Plato, to the prisoners in the allegory and to humanity in the material

To Kill A Mockingbird Perspective Analysis - 755 Words

Throughout the chronicle of history, humans tend to perceive the world from a single vantage point and assume that others share the same perspective. In Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout, a naive girl, endures the process of maturing, which is accompanied by learning the importance of understanding perspective. Throughout Scout’s journey, she learns about the significance of taking other people’s perspectives into consideration and eventually realizes how understanding different outlooks on a situation can affect the complexity and depth of its overall comprehension. Lee’s novel discusses the value of perspective and reveals how humans often know one side of a story, but must learn the other perspectives of the story to fully†¦show more content†¦Consequently, Scout realizes that â€Å"what Mr. Radley did was his own business†¦ if he wanted to stay inside his own house he had the right to stay inside free from the attentions of inqui sitive children, which was a mild term for the likes of [Jem, Dill, and herself]† (65). Scout proceeds to perceive the situation from Boo Radley’s point of view by wondering how Jem, Dill, and herself â€Å"would like it if Atticus barged in on [them] without knocking, when [they] were in [their] rooms at night† (65). Their reaction to the same situation as Boo Radley is in, but in a different context, would predictably be hostile, therefore they can predict that from his perspective, he would be disgruntled as well. Lee uses this example to demonstrate the importance of how different s change the circumstances of a situation. Additionally, another instance where the novel refers back to the theme of perspective occurs when Scout is standing on Boo Radley’s porch after accompanying him back to his residence. Scout turns to go back home, but the view of the neighborhood that she sees while â€Å"standing on the Radley porch was enough† for Scout to finally see the world from Boo Radley’s perspective, both literally and figuratively, and finally understands what Atticus meantShow MoreRelatedEssay To Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination893 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination The most important theme of the 1960 Pulitzer Prize winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird is author Harper Lee’s tenacious exploration of the moral nature of people. Lee tenaciously explores the moral nature of human beings, especially the struggle in every human soul between discrimination and tolerance. The novel is very effective in not only revealing prejudice, but in examining the nature of prejudice, how it works, and its consequencesRead MoreEssay Justice System in To Kill a Mockingbird897 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough the dedication of Mr. Finch in â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, even though it turned out against his favor due to an absence of evidence and a debauched court hearing. This court hearing makes readers question whether or not the justice system of that era was fair and in retrospect, a good question is whether or not our justice system today is fair and lawful. If you think that a false conviction was unfair, Tom is eventually killed for his fals e conviction under a faulty justice system. To meRead MoreHarper Lee s Novel Of The Same Title896 Words   |  4 Pageshave been mirrors reflecting upon us what we are, what we would like to be, and how we view ourselves. â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† is in fact a classic film that does just that. Directed by Robert Mulligan, this film was based on Harper Lee’s novel of the same title. The screenplay by Horton Foote, â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird is both a coming of age story of three young children, told from the perspective of Scout as she reflects upon an important court case involving her father when she was only six years ofRead MoreTheme Of To Kill A Mockingbird1699 Words   |  7 Pages The Pureness of Mockingbirds In 1960, Harper Lee published one of the most controversial books of our time. To kill a mockingbird contains three debatable themes; racism, good and evil, and morals. Harper Lee uses three children and rape trial to portray these topics. These themes are present throughout the story of a small Alabama town divided over a rape trial including an African American man and a young white girl. Lee’s novel is still disputed over to this day. One of the book’s centralRead MoreRacism And Critical Disposition Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1415 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Racism and Critical Disposition in Maycomb County Racism was a tremendous issue in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. It was applied throughout the novel and was increasingly used to judge others in Maycomb’s society. Racism was revealed through the novel to characters Jem, Scout, and Dill who were young children that were learning about the good and evil in the small town they lived in. Racism was a constant and significant topic. There were many aspects that contributed to racismRead MoreThe Setting Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1354 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis Name: Amy Lyons Title: To Kill a Mockingbird Author: Harper Lee Setting: The setting of To Kill a Mockingbird is a small town in south Alabama called Maycomb County in the early 1930s. Point of View: Harper Lee s first, only novel is written in first person due to the fact we see the whole story through Scout s perspective. Theme: One of the crucial themes that Lee based the novel on was racism, which was an extremely controversial topic at the time the book was publishedRead MoreJustice In Reginald Roses 12 Angry Men1532 Words   |  7 Pagesdeciding factors in determining what the true meaning of righteousness is for an individual. The perspective of justice a person has however is not the only factor that comes into play, when establishing whether the defendant is guilty or innocent. The play, ‘12 angry men’, written by Reginald Rose, is a drama involved around a jury and a homicide case. In comparison, the movie, ‘To kill a mockingbird’, directed by Robert Mulligan, follows the tale of Atticus Finch, a lawyer, who defends a black manRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird Compassion Analysis600 Words   |  3 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird Compassion Analysis Philosopher Albert Schweitzer explains, â€Å"The purpose of human life is to serve, and show compassion and the will to help others†(BrainyQoute.com) In order to follow the purpose of life you have to teach the purpose of life. Compassion is meant to be shared and spread throughout the whole world. In To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Atticus takes this moral upon himself, and teaches Jem and Scout about compassion in Maycomb. Throughout the novel To KillRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1593 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Major Themes †¢ Standards of behavior †¢ Morals/values †¢ Racism Important Symbols †¢ Mockingbirds (Innocence/ morals and values)– The book depicts mockingbirds as innocent creatures that shouldn’t be harmed since they did nothing to harm others. While practicing with their rifles, Atticus tells Jem and Scout that it is a sin to kill a mockingbird. The mockingbirds share a connection with Tom Robinson since they are both innocent and don’t deserve toRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1615 Words   |  7 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird Theme Analysis Essay To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, was published in 1960 and is read by ninth graders all across the country because of its Pulitzer-Prize-winning writing. To Kill a Mockingbird parallels Harper Lee’s life in the sense that like the main character, her father was a lawyer and she had a best friend similar to the one of her main characters. She used this real life experience to tell the fictional story of Scout, a young girl living in the prejudiced

Marketing Pencil Free Essays

string(163) " we have to keep in the mind that the sociological environment, the society has been changed and due to this the needs, demands of the customers are also changed\." INDEX †¢ Acknowledgement †¢ Executive Summary †¢ Introduction to the market †¢ Definition to the marketing plan †¢ Impact of Environmental factors †¢ Marketing Plan for pencils †¢ Category analysis †¢ Current market situation †¢ Customer analysis †¢ Marketing strategy †¢ Product development process †¢ Brand name, Brand equity, Brand image †¢ Segmentation and Targeting †¢ Profile of rural market in general †¢ Marketing Mix and Integrated Marketing Communication †¢ Conclusion ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We extent our thanks to Mrs. Saima Hussain faculty guide who has given me moral support to do my project work. We also extend our thankfulness to our beloved parents and friends for their continuous encouragement at every moment It is our privilege to express our profound in deftness, deep sense of gratitude to our facility guide who had trusts in our ability in assigning us such an important and interesting project and also for allotting time for discussing and clarifying issues related to this project. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Pencil or any similar topic only for you Order Now EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A marketing plan is a written document that contains the guidelines for the business centers and allocation over the planning period. This project is made on the basis for the marketing plan for the pencils. In our project our company is i. e. , of Torres are introducing their new pencils product. The names of the pencils are the ‘Shesham pencils’. If our company introduces new pencils and have to sell it in the market then we have to firstly write down a market plan for it. That means we have to analyze the current market situation i. e. ? We have to analyze the impact of the micro environment, macro environment. ? We have to analyze the needs of the consumers and then do segmentation, target and positioned the market. ? We have to do surveys for knowing the needs of the peoples. The more concise a marketing plan is the better it will serve you. These are the guidelines for writing a strategic marketing plan that meets the specific requirements of your business. We will take you through the development process step-by-step with easy to follow planning sheets to lead you through each stage. After that we have to choose different modes of communication for the sale, promotion of our product. The format includes a fully developed sample plan and is designed to meet the needs of most types of businesses although the emphasis on different aspects of the plan will vary from one business type to another. MARKET PLANNING FOR THE PENCILS (SHESHAM PENCILS) INTRODUCTION:Bangladesh is always said a country of villages and it is fact as Bangladesh 60% of population lives in villages, and it is said that rural market has been growing at five times the pace of the urban market more government rural development initiatives have been seen to increase rural markets. MARKET: Traditionally, a market was a physical place where buyers and sellers gather to buy and sell goods. Economist describes a market as a collection of buyers and sellers who transact over a particular Product or product class. Manufactures go to resources, marketer buy resources and turn them into good and services. MARKET PLANNING: It is well and good to include marketing in your business and a lot a few hours a day to do marketing tasks. But if we do not organize our market plan our efforts won/t get nearly as far as putting . Marketing plan in writing gives you a guideline to work from and it provides goal to strive for and it organize all those creative ideas you have floating around your brain. Firms that is successful in marketing businesses starts with marketing plan. Marketing plan cannot be made without involving many people into it. No matter what kind of feedback you get from all parts of your company. This is as important because it take all aspects of your company to make your marketing plan. Your key people can provide realistic impact on what’s achievable and how achievable and how your goals can be worked out. From all the things we can concluded that market plan is very necessary for the successful running of any business operation and to achieve various goals of the business operations in a right manner and in right ways. DEFINITION OF MARKETING PLAN: ‘A marketing plan is a written document containing the guidelines for the business centers marketing programs and allocation over the planning period’ THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: There are two keys perspectives on the marketing environment. , namely the micro environment and macro environment: MICRO ENVIRONMENT: This environment influences the organization directly . It includes suppliers that deal directly and indirectly with consumers and customers and other local stake holders. Micro environment tends to suggest the small but this can be misleading. In context, micro describes the relationship between firms consumers and customers directly or indirectly, and other local stakeholders. This includes all factors that can influence an organization, but that are out of their direct control. A company does not generally influence any laws (although it is accepted that they could lobby or be part of a trade organization). It is continuously changing, and the company needs to be flexible to adapt. There may be aggressive competition and rivalry in a market. Globalization means that there is always the threat of substitute products and new entrants. The wider nvironment is also changing, and the marketer needs to compensate for changes in culture, politics, economics and technology. All factors that are internal to the organization are known as the ‘internal environment’. They are generally audited by applying the ‘Five Ms’ which are Men, Money, Machinery, Materials and Markets. The internal environment is as im portant for managing change in the external environment. As marketers we call the process of managing internal change is called internal marketing. MACRO ENVIRONMENT: Macro environment includes all the external factors that affect our product . The macro environment includes the factors like technology, political, geographical, and ecological and socio cultural factors that have an impact on the manufacturing of the product. In the manufacturing of pencils we have to keep in the mind that the sociological environment, the society has been changed and due to this the needs, demands of the customers are also changed. You read "Marketing Pencil" in category "Papers" Different kinds of pencils are made according to the need and standards of the peoples. Now a high class person wants pencils which are of high quality and provides better services. The middle class peoples want a pencil that are of low price and is not very expensive. So manufacturer produces the pencils in keeping all these things in mind. The pencils are produced with accordance of the new technology. MARKET PLAN FOR PENCILS: If our company introduces new pencils and have to sell it in the market then we have to firstly write down a market plan for it. That means we have to analyze the current market situation i. e. ? We have to analyze the impact of the micro environment, macro environment. ? We have to analyze the needs of the consumers and then do segmentation, target and positioned the market. ? We have to do surveys for knowing the needs of the peoples. The more concise a marketing plan is the better it will serve you. These are the guidelines for writing a strategic marketing plan that meets the specific requirements of your business. We will take you through the development process step-by-step with easy to follow planning sheets to lead you through each stage. After that we have to choose different modes of communication for the sale, promotion of our product. The format includes a fully developed sample plan and is designed to meet the needs of most types of businesses although the emphasis on different aspects of the plan will vary from one business type to another. PROCESS OF MARKET PLAN CATEGORY ANALYSIS: The product of our company is the pencils. Our company is introducing a new product of Torres pencils with new unique features, and size. Our company is providing better and unique features to our customers. The competitors of our company are the other pencils stores like, GOLDFISH pencils, and DOLLAR pencils. MARKET SURVEY/ CURRENT MARKET SITUATIONS: Market survey is the first step in the market planning . Our Company conducted the market survey for knowing ? The need in the current market situation. To analyze what are the different kinds or types of pencils which are present in the current time in the market. ? The different kinds of features of the pencils, their prices. NEEDS, WANTS AND DEMANDS OF THE CUSTOMERS: The market plan will be started before the manufacturing of the particular product. If we have to make any kind of pencils products, we have to analyze the needs, demands and wants of the customers. Needs are the basic human requ irements. Needs are then converted into wants. Demands are the wants for specific products backed by the ability to pay. We start our market plan by analyzing that whether there is a need; want among the customers for the pencils we decide to manufacture and for that we conduct survey, market research for knowing the needs of the customers. For that we have to visit the schools, and may know the needs of the children by Putting them questions and having their suggestions that what kind of pencils they want for writing ,and knowing from them that what are the difficulties they get from their previous pencils while writing. We need to have different types of people which are using pencils to know their needs. After collecting all the information we have to get a result for knowing the needs, wants, and demands of the customers and get ready for making pencils according to the needs wants and demands of the customers. COMPETITOR ANALYSIS: The analysis of the competitor is very important aspect because through it we come to know that that our competitor is. The main competitors of our pencils are the other pencils company like GOLDFISH pencils and DOLLAR pencils which are having good position in the market. Our company has to include all those factors in our pencils by which our product look unique and different. Determining the â€Å"Marketing Mix† Product Price Promotion Distribution Goldfish Rs 5 High High Dollar Rs 4 Average Average CUSTOMERS ANANLYSIS: Our Company is targeting different types of customers according to their needs and wants. We are targeting the students of school, colleges. E. G—–Children’s like pencils having shapes of toys and other attracting things. The persons who have to work in the offices like simple pencils . Other professionals like different kinds of pencils so pencils are made according to the needs and wants of these different consumers. ESTABLISHING OBJECTIVES: The main objectives of our company are as follows: ? To provide better services to our customers. ? To provide quality pencils to our target customers at the reasonable prices. ? To build a good image in the minds of our customers. ? To increase sales of our product. ? To generate revenues and profits by the sale of our pencils. MARKETING STRATEGIES: For the introduction of new product in the market we have to develop a preliminary strategy plan for introducing our new pencils in the market. The plan consists of three parts. 1. First part describes target market’s size, structure, and behavior of the planned product positioning and sales, market share, and profits and the goals sought in the few years by our product. Therefore the target market for our pencil is mainly the children’s of schools and colleges. We will analyze the benefit which comes out by the sale of the pencils. 2. The second part outlines the planned price, distribution strategy, and marketing budget for the first years. This part describes that what are the features or special points of the pencils which we have to made . In it we determine the prices of our different kinds of pencils. Like we determine that the cost of our pencil is Rs 2 each but if the customers buy the box there cost will be of Rs 8. 00 with a sharpener an d eraser free. In it we also determine the different kinds of expenses which are to done for the introduction of our pencils in the market. Like the expenses done on the sale, promotion, advertisement of pencils in print media. That what are the profits which come to us by the sale of the pencils. As we see that during the first year a substantial amount will be spent on marketing research by audits and consumers panel data to monitor market reaction and buying rates. The entire budget is made in keeping eye on all these things. 3. The third part of the market strategy plan describes the long run sales and profits goals and market mix strategy over time. As we see that our products would be selling at a very good rate and giving us lots of profits. So we can invest more and more money in it and tries to improve the quality of our pencils by adding new features in it . We will make the product mix and decided to make new kinds of pencils with new innovations and additional features. Market strategy plan is very essential in the business for the proper allocation of revenues, expenditure from the product. It determines all the expenditure done for the sale of our pencils in the market. It also describes that to which segment of the customers we have to sell our pencils and at what price. MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS: Up to now the product has existed in only as a word description. The next step involves the jump in the investment that dwarfs the cost incurred in the earlier stages. At this stage the company will determine whether the product idea can be translated into a technically and commercially feasible product. In this step we have to make our ideas, plans about the pencils in truth. In other word we make our pencils according to needs and demands of the customers. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: The development of the pencils starts at this step. The jobs of translating target customers requirement are helpful in making of our pencils. We analyze all the collected data from different kinds of customers and make our pencils according to their needs. E. g. The customers have said that they faces a lots of problems during writing because their pencils do not work properly, the points of the pencils get damaged during their writing time due to which they faces a lots of problems. From this we get an idea to use that kind of lead in our pencils which is of high quality and would not get damaged while writing. We adopt the quality function method for manufacturing of our pencils. We develop a pencils according to view taken by the peoples during market research. PRODUCT MIX: In product mix we include that what are the additional benefits that we are providing to our customer along with our original products i. e. , in it we can provide some additional services to our customers along with our pencils. We can give customer free sharpener and eraser with the one box of pencils. Along with one pencils peoples gets a free attached eraser. By adding these additional things in our pencils the customers get happy, and it will definitely results in the increase of the customers loyalty towards our product. It will also be helpful in retaining the attention of the customers towards our product. PRODUCT STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS: Product strengths and weakness describes the strengths of our pencils that what makes our pencils different from other pencils and what is our weaknesses when compared with others. STRENGTHS OF OUR PRODUCT; We should add what kind of features in our pencils that should act as strength of our pencils. We raise the length of our pencils, and provides different shapes of pencils which distinct our pencils different from others pencils. The offer of giving a free sharpener and an eraser is also helpful in attracting the consumers towards our product. As more and more customer are getting our pencils , these all results in increasing sale of the product and increasing revenues of the company. WEAKNESS OF OUR PRODUCT Our company should also analyze the weakness of our product: The main weakness may comes during the sale of the pencils that when we offer a free eraser and sharpener with our pencils whether the company may faces a lot of expenditure. These activities involve the wastage of money by the company. The pencils of other companies like GOLDFISH Pencils and DOLLAR Pencils are the main competitors of our company. Our company has to add the extra features in our product so that our product gets a different position as compared to our competitor’s product. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT AND NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT- In the product life cycle management we can describes the product and determines for how much time we should sale our product in the market, whether for a long time or for short period of time. A company positioning and differentiation strategy must change as the product, market, and competitors change over the product life cycle. To say that the products have a life cycle it asserts four things: 1. Product has a limited life. 2. Product sale pass through distinct stages and each positioning asserts different challenges, opportunities and problems to the seller. 3. Profits raises and fall at different stages of the product life cycle. 4. Product required different marketing, financial, manufacturing, purchasing and human resource strategies in each life cycle stages. Product life cycle of the pencils depends upon the needs of our customers that for how much time our product should remain in the market. If our pencils do not satisfy the needs of the customers it may comes in the decline stage that results in the extinction of our pencils in the market. Because the customers are not satisfied by our products their demand gets changed due to which our pencils comes in the decline stage. INTRODUCTION: At the introduction period there is the slow sale growth of the pencils. At this stage the profits are nonexistent because of the heavy expenses of product introduction. In this phase the customers are not much aware about our pencils. Large amount of advertisement expense, discounts are given by our company to create awareness of the customers towards our pencils. GROWTH: Rapid market acceptance and substantial profits improvements at growth the product is selling at a high rate. MATURITY: A slowdown in the sale growths shows the maturity period. As the sale of our pencils are not undergoing up to the mark. The customers are now not satisfied by our pencils, the pencils do not function according to their needs, which results in the slowdown in the sale of our pencils. The sale declines with the arrival of competitors in the market. It may seen that if the new company may introduce a new pencils with new and better features it will results in the decline in the sale of the pencils of our product. DECLINE: Decline shows the downward drift and profits erode. At this point the profit from the existing product comes to zero. This stage comes due to the arrival of new competitors in the market and when the customer satisfactions from our pencils are not up to the mark. This stage may come when our pencil do not gives full satisfaction to the consumers. Decline may also comes when the taste and preferences of the consumers gets change. If the decline stage may come in the existing product life it is good for our company to develop a new product according to the needs of the peoples and providing better services to the customers. BRAND NAME, BRAND EQUITY AND BRAND IMAGE: Brand is the name ,term, sign, symbol or design or the combination that tends to the goods and services of one seller or group of seller and to differentiate them from others those of competitors. A brand is the thus product or service that add dimensions that differentiate it in some way from others products or services designed to satisfy the same needs. These differences may be functional, rational, or tangible related to product performance of the brand. We give our pencils as the name’ ‘SHESHAM PENCILS’ it’s a new product of Torres pencil company. Branding may helps the consumers to identify our product . The consumers starts finding about the brand satisfy their needs and which ones do not. The brand name can be protected through registered trademarks, and packing can be protected through copyrights and designs. SEGMENTATION AND TARGETING MARKET SEGMENTATION Market segmentation is one of the steps that go into defining and targeting specific markets. It is the process of dividing a market into a distinct group of buyers that require different products or marketing mixes. A key factor to success in today’s market place is finding subtle differences to give a business the marketing edge. Businesses that target specialty markets will promote its products and services more effectively than a business aiming at the â€Å"average† customer. Opportunities in marketing increase when segmented groups of clients and customers with varying needs and wants are recognized. Markets can be segmented or targeted using a variety of factor. The bases for segmenting consumer markets include: Demographical bases (age, family size, life cycle, occupation) †¢ Geographical bases (states, regions, countries) †¢ Behavior bases (product knowledge, usage, attitudes, responses) †¢ Psychographic bases (lifestyle, values, personality) A business must analyze the needs and wants of different market segments before determining their own niche. To be effective in market segmentation keeps the following things in mind: †¢ Segments or target markets should be accessible to the business †¢ Each segmented group must be large enough to provide a solid customer base. Each segmented group requires a separate marketing plan. Large companies segment their markets by conducting extensive market research projects. This research is often too expensive for small businesses to invest in, but there are alternative ways for to a small business to segment their markets. A small business can do the following to gain knowledge and information on how to segment their markets: 1. Use secondary date resources and qualitative research. You can use the following resources for external secondary data: o Trade and association publications and experts o Basic research publications External measurement services 1. Conduct informal factor and cluster analysis by: o Watching key competitors marketing efforts and copying them. o Ta lking to key trade buyers about new product introductions o Conducting needs analysis from qualitative research with individuals and groups. There are many reasons for dividing marketing into smaller segments. Any time you suspect there are significant, measurable differences in your market you should consider market segmentation. By doing this you will make marketing easier, discover niche markets, and become more efficient with your marketing resources. TARGETING: By doing the segmentation we target the consumers where we have to sell our pencils. The main target are the school children’s and college student and there teachers and professors. In it we have to remain aware of our competitors in order to take competitive advantage and we should be also aware about the consumers who would be buying our product. Why our Company go to rural market? The cost of going global is very high, and it is difficult to gauge markets in other countries. It is better to target the rural market as it is growing by the day. Today rural markets are as critical as urban markets. The rural markets provide better opportunities. In village vast competition exists. Different companies come with different flavors. So people have ample choice. With only around 100000 of the 638667 villages tapped so far there are huge potential and market areas. So we get high percentage of total market though profit margin is less. Now a day’s villager also spends on luxury comfort products. After all Dettol is a one type of necessity product. As it plays a role of anti-septic medicine. Media also plays an important role in promotion of goods. The growing reach of the electronic media has created a huge change in the lifestyle of rural consumer. Profile of rural market in general:- The rural market of Pakistan is large and scattered, in the sense that it consist of over 63 core consumers from 6, 38,365 villages spread throughout the country. Nearly 60% of the rural income is from agriculture. Hence rural prosperity is tied with agricultural prosperity. During the harvest season, the demand for consumer goods in village goes up. The population securing income from non-agricultural sector is now increasing due to rural development programs. The consumers in the village areas do have a low standard of living because of low literacy, low per capita income, social backwardness, low savings, etc. The rural consumer values old customs and traditions. A change is beginning to take place in their outlook because of growth in literacy rate and mass media in the rural areas. Rural consumers have diverse socio-economic background. This is different in different parts of the country. This brings diversity among rural customers and market. The demand pattern of the rural consumers is fast changing. There is new and growing demand for toiletries, ready-made garments, cosmetics, packaged foodstuffs, etc. this change is due to increase in rural income. The infrastructural facilities like roads, warehouses, communication system, and financial facilities are inadequate in rural areas. Hence physical distribution becomes costly due to inadequate infrastructural facilities. The saving habit of the rural community is increasing in the recent years as a result of the efforts put by co-operative and commercial banks Marketing Mix: PRODUCT: A business needs to consider the products that it produces and the stage of the product life cycle that a product is at. Marketing strategies will vary according to the type of product and its stage in the life cycle. 1. Pencils are very convenient to use and will be easy for customers also to use this product. 2. By providing good quality of Pencils, students will be attracted towards writing and will also be encouraged. 3. Pencils are available in different colors, so a person has choices to select various types in one particular product. . Pencils are available in different prices, so people can buy it as per their affordability. [pic] PLACE: This generally refers to the physical locations of product sales as well as the methods of distribution. However, it is also considered to be the â€Å"place† or â€Å"position† in the market of the product; refer to information below. Businesses need to make many decisions related to â€Å"place†: access, parking, competition, physical location etc. It’s the most important P in the pencil wars — Place. And nothing evokes more passion in distribution. We have chosen the different zones especially south schools and colleges and west zones as keen interest is shown by nearby villages of it. We had chosen these places due to following reasons: In these areas literacy rate is better than other areas. â€Å"So WHERE THERE IS WILL, THERE IS A WAY†. As people living in this area have mostly standard income so they can purchase our product â€Å"pencils† as they are cheaply and in a better way available. There is a lot of scope of expansion as these areas are surrounded by various other villages so great scope of expansion is there. PRICE: Most businesses use a â€Å"cost plus† method for setting the prices of their products. This involves determining unit production costs and then adding in a profit margin. However, many other factors are involved. Consider â€Å"perceived price† (what you think consumers will be prepared to pay), demand elasticity (is it elastic or inelastic? ), competitors’ pricing (can you afford to undercut their prices? ), pricing objectives (what do you want to achieve increased market share? increased profits? market leadership? etc. ) Example: Price is the only factor which decides the presence of the product in the rural market. As people are having standard purchasing power, low income or high group of income persons etc. can afford Shesham pencils as they are available cheaply and in a better way. Hence keeping all the dynamic factors we have decided to go for penetration pricing for our product. We have decided to go with the application of penetration pricing as the people in the rural area are having low income, low purchasing power and we are newly entering the market. The pricing will be in way: Small pencils: 1 pencil = RS. . /- 10 pencils of pencils box = RS. 9/- Large pencils: 1 pencils = RS. 4/- 10 pencils of pencils box= RS. 16/- PROMOTION: Promotion is said to be the vital for all companies until now the promotional tools have been acted as the targeting tool used to attract huge demand for rural people and also huge demand for company’s product. The promotional strategies are as follows:- A new innov ative broad aspect followed by me to attract huge attraction towards my product will be the use of tree borders. e will make use of tree borders as in rural areas mostly there are villages surrounded by huge and number of trees, so the hoardings at tree border will definitely attract huge demand. We will be putting hoardings on retail shops so that whenever the customer comes over the shop they should easily come to know about the arrival of new Pencils i. e. â€Å"name of the pencils† in the market. We will also promote my product through wall paintings. As wall paintings lasts for longer time and through this maximum customer can be attracted. There are some other strategies also like, The role of the influencer or influencing communication cannot be ignored as far as rural Pakistan is concerned. The advertisements that revolve around this very strategy actually depend on the influence of different influential people and/or events in the villages to put across the message powerfully with more effect and purchase intention. An example of this kind of advertisement may be brand endorsement by any influential person in the village like the ‘Intellectual Chaudary’ or the ‘school master’. Events like different festivals and different games and sports competitions actually have a high participation level in the rural Pakistan, as other sources of entertainment are very less in those areas. So, these events and shows offer great opportunity to reach rural Pakistan cost effectively. Different brands sponsor different events and shows in rural villages, which is actually a cost-effective way to advertise with the participatory strategy. Many brands are venturing into different ways to educate their rural consumers about their brands and their usage through different shows and events. This kind of initiatives actually creates huge awareness about the brand among the interested people in the rural Pakistan. Different health related advertisements like Polio awareness and AIDS awareness programmes involve a ‘show-n-tell’ strategy of advertising. It includes Press and print, TV, Cinema, Radio, and Point of purchase and Outdoor advertisement. Reach of formal media is low in rural households (Print: 18%, TV: 27%, Cinema: 30%, and Radio: 37%) and therefore the marketer has to consider the following points: English newspapers and magazines have negligible circulation in rural areas. However local language newspapers and magazines are becoming popular among educated facilities in rural areas. It has made a great impact and large audience has been exposed to this medium. Organizations have been using TV to communicate with the rural masses. Lifebuoy, Lux, Dalda oil etc. are some of the products advertised via television. Many consumer goods companies and fertilizer companies are using these TV channels to reach the rural customer. Radio reaches large population in rural areas at a relatively low cost. Example: Colgate, Brite total, Shan Masala industries are some of the companies using radio communication programme. The farmers have a habit of listening to regional news/agricultural news in the morning and the late evening. The advertisement has to be released during this time to get maximum coverage in rural areas. Another advantage is that the radio commercial can be prepared at short notice to meet the changing needs of the rural folk. Example: Release of a pesticide ad at the time of outbreak of a pest or disease in crops. [pic] This form of media, which includes signboards, wall painting, hoarding, tree boards, bus boards, dealer boards, product display boards etc. , is cost effective in rural areas. Symbols, pictures and colors should be used in POPs meant for rural markets so that they can easily identify the products. Generally rural people prefer bright colors and the marketer should utilize such cues. Display of hangings, festoons and product packs in the shops will catch the attention of prospective buyers. However a clutter of such POP materials of competing companies will not have the desired effect and is to be avoided. It is a way of passing on information relating to goods or services for sale, directly to potential customers through the medium of post. It is a medium employed by the advertiser to bring in a personal touch. In cities lot of junk mail is received by all of us and very often such mails are thrown into the dustbin whereas a villager get very few letters and he is receptive to such mailers. It is an effective and economical medium for communication in rural areas, since it stays there for a long time depending upon the weather conditions. The cost of painting one square foot area is just Rs. 10. Retailers welcome painting of their shops so that the shop will look better. Walls of farm houses, shops and schools are ideal places for painting and the company need not have to pay any rent for the same. The walls have to be painted at least one or two feet from ground level. It is better to take permission of the owner. Very often the owner takes responsibility for taking care of the wall painting. Paintings are to be avoided during election time and rainy season. The matter should be in the form of pictures, slogans for catching the attention of people. Companies marketing TV, fans, branded coffee/tea, toothpaste, pesticides, fertilizers etc. use wall painting as promotion medium in rural areas. These are painted boards of about two square feet in dimension having the picture or name or slogan of the product painted on it. The cost of such a painted board is about Rs. 80. These boards are fixed to the trees on both sides of the village road at a height of about 10 feet from ground level. These boards attract the attention of slow moving vehicles like cycles, bullock carts and tractors and people walking on the road. The condition of roads, even the buses move at slow speed through village road. Fertilizer and pesticide companies in rural areas extensively use tree boards. These are low priced promotion items and can be used by consumer goods companies too. [pic] These media with effective reach and personalized communication will help in realizing the promotional objectives. Companies to suit the specific requirements of rural communication are using a variety of such media effectively and some of the more important media and methods are given below. Rural people prefer face-to-face communication and farm visits facilitate two-way communication. The advantage is that the sales person can understand the needs and wants of the rural customer by directly discussing with him and answer his queries on products and services. Potential customers in the illage are identified and the company’s/distributor’s representative makes farm-to-farm visits and highlight the benefits of the products. The person carries with him literature in local language and also samples of products. The person does not sell the product but only promotes the use of the product. Very often the local dealer also joins the representative in making farm-to-farm vis its. The dealer clarifies the terms and conditions of sale and also makes independent follow up visits for securing orders. [pic] Group meetings of rural customers as well as prospects are an important part of interpersonal media. The company is able to pass on the message regarding benefits of the products to a large number of customers through such meetings. Group meeting of key customers are conducted by banks, agricultural inputs and machinery companies in rural areas. The bankers visit an identified village, get the village people in a common place and explain the various schemes to the villagers. Such meetings could be organized in prosperous villages for promoting consumer durables and two wheelers also. Example: Millat Tractors conduct a meeting for tractor owners and they meet in villages to discuss repairs and maintenance of tractors. [pic] Package is an integral part of the product. Its main purpose is to protect the product during transit, to preserve the quality and to avoid any loss in quality and quantity. The main purpose of this contest is to remind the customer to buy the product as soon as he enters the shop. Another objective is to influence the dealer to stock the product and support the company in increasing the sales. The display contest has to be announced well in advance and promotional materials to be distributed to all the selected dealers in a geographical area. Prizes for best displays are announced to motivate the dealers; the contest lasts for about a month. A well-planned product display contest not only increases the involvement of dealers in the company’s products but also increases the sales during the contest period. This is used for promoting consumer goods such as shampoos, soaps and toothpaste Each rural market segment has certain special features i. e. they share common life-style traits. They include village sports, religious events, prominent personalities and role models. Examples: Textile mills maintaining community gardens, Mineral water companies supplying clean drinking water during summer festivals in villages and Consumer goods companies sponsoring Kabaddi. pic] PACKAGING: The Silent sales man: What does a sales man do when you go to a shop or he comes to your house, he first s how’s you the product then starts to tell you the features of the product like its brand name, method of production, ingredients (if it is eatable), price etc. In short he tries to persuade you to buy his product, this same activity is performed by packets of any product but without any use of language this is called silent salesman ship Thus we say that â€Å"packaging – A silent salesman† pic] Packaging is done for the three reasons: – 1) To protect the product 2) To make the product easy to carry 3) To make the product attractive. Pencils do not require heavy packaging but still we have come up with the two packaging strategies for our pencils: – 1) To have a packet of 3 pencils sets 2) To have a packet of 10 pencils sets. The rural Bangladesh is not much developed; hence their purchasing power is also not high. Hence, for their convenience we have come up with these packaging strategies. This was also done to reduce the cost of the product so as to supply the product at cheap rates and also for a profitable deal for our company. FEATURES OF PENCIL The pencil is used for writing and if the writing is not dark i. e. it is light then the reader will not be able to understand the written matter. Hence we have invented the pencil which would be darker than any other pencil. The goods which are cheaply available with no compromise in quality then those goods or products are liked by every consumer. This is the reason why we are coming up with a pencil which would be cheaper. The body of the pencil would be covered with velvet piece or a rubber piece to make the pencil body of either velvet or rubber. This is the extra feature added because this would help the writer to have a firm hold over the pencil and to write faster. The body and its shape also add to the beauty of the product. Hence it is said that in the business world what ever is seen is taken. So the shape or the body of the pencil would be squared shaped which is not at all seen in the market till the date. The pencil is seemed to be incomplete without the rubber. The writer might commit a mistake while writing and hence to correct the same rubber is provided at the end point of the pencil so that there is not an extra expenditure on the purchase of the rubbers. This pencil would be extra long then any other pencil and also at the minimum cost. So with that the buyer would be able to enjoy the good writer pencil for a longer period of time. This pencil would be available at each and every store of the rural market so that there are no extra efforts taken by the customer to come at a long distance for the purchase of this unique pencil. The pencil is a kind of a product which is mostly used by children and the children enjoy watching cartoons or such characters which seems to be funny. So then the children are going to get their favorite cartoon characters on this lovely pencil which is effectively made for kids but it is not that only kids could enjoy the writing with this pencil but it is for everyone to enjoy the writing with this pencil. The pencil has come up with new innovative feature of fragrance. This means that kids will enjoy good hand writing with sweet fragrance. This is an added advantage to our product as this idea is not applied to any of the pencil to the date. [pic] Conclusion: Thus looking at the challenges and the opportunities which rural markets offer to the marketers it can be said that the future is very promising for those who can understand the dynamics of rural markets and exploit them to their best advantage. A radical change in attitudes of marketers towards the vibrant and burgeoning rural markets is called for, so they can successfully impress on the millions rural consumers spread over approximately thousands of villages in rural Bangladesh. Eurosif European Social Investment Hamida Kawser Student of UIU Second samaster BBA Departmeny Road Number 27 Dhanmondi Dhaka 30. 03. 2013 Respected Sir. I am submitting you my report on automobile companies and associated risk and opportunities these pose for long-term return. Perpose behind preparing automobile report is to have an idea about how automobile companies grew through decades. So that we can use this quality information in Bangladesh industry and even in our personnal business field. ———————– [pic] [pic] [pic] How to cite Marketing Pencil, Papers